Glossary
IPO TermsEvent-Driven

IPO Lock-up Expiry

The date insiders can finally dump — and often do.

A lock-up expiry marks the end of a contractual restriction period — typically 90 to 180 days post-IPO — during which company insiders (founders, employees, early investors) are prohibited from selling their shares. Once expired, the float expands materially as restricted stock becomes freely tradeable.

How It Works

1

At IPO, underwriters impose a lock-up agreement — typically 90–180 days — preventing insiders from selling shares. This protects early public investors from being immediately diluted by insider exits.

2

As the expiry date approaches, institutional traders model how many locked shares will hit the market. If insiders hold a large percentage of float, sell pressure is expected and the stock often trades down pre-expiry.

3

On expiry day, insiders are legally free to sell. Not all do — selling everything signals zero confidence — but even partial exits from large holders can flood supply and crater the price.

4

Post-lock-up stabilisation can occur if insiders hold and the company shows strong fundamentals. But statistically, many IPO stocks see a dip in the 30-day window around lock-up expiry.

Real World Example

When Uber's lock-up expired in November 2019, roughly 1.6 billion shares became eligible for sale — nearly 3x the existing float. The stock fell over 40% from its IPO price by expiry day as the market priced in that incoming supply well in advance.

Risk Warning

Lock-up expiry is one of the most predictable negative catalysts in markets — and still one of the most overlooked by retail investors. Always check the expiry date before buying a recent IPO. If the stock is already up big and insiders are sitting on 10x returns, the odds of a sell-off are high. This isn't illegal — it's just capitalism doing its thing.

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